Infosys Full Stack Development Interview Questions and Answers

Embarking on a Full Stack Development journey with Infosys? Congratulations! This blog is your go-to guide for mastering the Infosys Full Stack Development interview. We'll delve into the key areas you need to cover, from front-end technologies to back-end development, problem-solving, and essential soft skills.

Q1. Which language is the most preferred by full-stack developers?

Ans: The choice of programming languages for full-stack development can vary based on individual preferences, project requirements, and the specific tech stack being used. However, some languages are commonly preferred in the full-stack development community due to their versatility and widespread use. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, here are a few languages that are often favored by full-stack developers:

1. JavaScript:

• Frontend: JavaScript is the primary language for building interactive and dynamic user interfaces on the client side. Popular frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js use JavaScript.
• Backend: Node.js enables server-side development using JavaScript, allowing developers to use the same language on both the frontend and backend.

2. Python:

• Backend: Python is widely used for backend development. Frameworks like Django and Flask are popular choices for building web applications.
• Frontend: Python can also be used with frameworks like Django to generate dynamic content on the frontend.

3. Java:

• Backend: Java has been a longstanding choice for backend development. Frameworks like Spring provide comprehensive solutions for building robust and scalable applications.
• Frontend: Java can be used in conjunction with technologies like JavaServer Faces (JSF) for frontend development.

4. Ruby:

• Backend: Ruby on Rails is a popular web application framework that uses the Ruby language for backend development.
• Frontend: While Ruby is primarily associated with backend development, it can be used in combination with JavaScript for frontend tasks.

5. PHP:

• Backend: PHP is a server-side scripting language commonly used for web development. It is often paired with frameworks like Laravel.
• Frontend: While PHP is traditionally used on the server side, it can generate dynamic content for the frontend.

6. TypeScript:

• Frontend: TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing. It is often used with popular frontend frameworks like Angular.

It's important to note that the choice of language may also be influenced by factors such as the project's specific requirements, the team's expertise, and the scalability needs of the application. Additionally, new technologies and frameworks may emerge over time, influencing the preferences of full-stack developers. Always consider the current industry trends and the specific needs of your project when choosing a tech stack.

 

Q2. Explain Long Polling.

Ans: Long Polling is a web communication technique used to achieve near real-time communication between a web server and a web browser. It is an alternative to traditional polling and is designed to overcome some of the limitations associated with it.

Here's how Long Polling typically works:

1. Client Requests:

• The client (web browser) initiates a request to the server using a standard HTTP request.

2. Server Holds Response:

• Instead of immediately responding to the request, the server holds the connection open and delays the response until new data or an event is available.

3. Data Availability:

• Once the server has new data or an event to send to the client, it immediately responds with the data.

4. Client Processes and Repeats:

• The client processes the received data and immediately sends another request to the server to establish the next long-polling connection.

5. Repeat Process:

• The process repeats, with the server holding the connection until new data is available.

This approach creates a continuous cycle of requests and responses, allowing for near real-time communication between the client and the server without the need for continuous polling.

Advantages of Long Polling:

1. Reduced Latency:

• Long Polling reduces latency compared to traditional polling because the server can send updates to the client as soon as they are available.

2. Server Push:

• It allows the server to push data to the client as soon as there is new information, enabling real-time updates.

3. Efficient Use of Resources:

• Long Polling is more resource-efficient than continuous polling because it reduces the number of unnecessary requests made by the client.

Disadvantages and Considerations:

1. Connection Handling:

• Long-lived connections can strain server resources, especially when dealing with a large number of clients.

2. Timeouts and Retries:

• Handling timeouts and retries is essential, as the connection might be interrupted for various reasons, such as network issues or server restarts.

3. Browser Limitations:

• Some web browsers may have limitations on the number of simultaneous connections, potentially impacting the scalability of long-polling solutions.

4. WebSocket Alternatives:

• While Long Polling can be effective, modern alternatives like WebSocket provide even lower latency and more efficient bidirectional communication.

Use Cases:

1. Real-Time Chat Applications:

• Long Polling can be used to implement real-time chat applications where messages are delivered to users as soon as they are available.

2. Live Notifications:

• Websites or applications that require live notifications, such as social media updates or news alerts.

3. Collaborative Editing:

• Systems that involve collaborative editing where changes made by one user need to be reflected in real-time to other users.

While Long Polling was widely used in the past, modern alternatives like WebSockets have become more popular due to their lower latency and more efficient bidirectional communication capabilities. However, Long Polling can still be a viable solution in certain scenarios, especially when WebSocket support is not universally available.

 

 Q3. What is Continuous Integration?

Ans: Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice that involves frequently integrating code changes from multiple contributors into a shared repository. The primary goal of CI is to detect and address integration issues early in the development process, ensuring that the codebase remains in a consistent and working state. This practice is a cornerstone of modern software development methodologies, particularly in the context of agile and DevOps.

Key components of Continuous Integration include:

1. Frequent Code Integration:

• Developers integrate their code changes into a shared version control repository multiple times a day.

2. Automated Build and Test:

• Upon each integration, an automated build process is triggered to compile the code and create executable artifacts.
• Automated tests, including unit tests, integration tests, and other types of tests, are executed to verify that the changes haven't introduced regressions or errors.

3. Early Detection of Issues:

• By integrating code frequently and running automated tests, CI helps detect integration issues, bugs, or conflicts early in the development cycle.
• Early detection allows developers to address issues when they are smaller and less complex, reducing the time and effort required for debugging.

4. Immediate Feedback:

• CI systems provide immediate feedback to developers about the success or failure of the integration.
• If the build or tests fail, developers are notified promptly, allowing them to fix issues quickly.

5. Version Control:

• CI relies on version control systems (e.g., Git, SVN) to manage and track changes made by different contributors.
• Developers pull the latest changes before integrating their code, ensuring they are working with the most up-to-date codebase.

6. CI Servers:

• CI servers or build servers (e.g., Jenkins, Travis CI, GitLab CI) automate the CI process.
• They monitor version control repositories for changes, trigger build and test processes, and provide feedback to development teams.

Benefits of Continuous Integration:

1. Reduced Integration Risks:

• Frequent integration reduces the risk of large, error-prone integrations by breaking down the integration process into smaller, manageable steps.

2. Early Bug Detection:

• Automated tests run on every integration, catching bugs and regressions early in the development process.

3. Enhanced Collaboration:

• Developers collaborate more effectively, knowing that their changes integrate seamlessly with the rest of the codebase.

4. Faster Release Cycles:

• CI promotes a faster and more efficient development and release cycle by automating repetitive tasks and streamlining the integration process.

5. Improved Code Quality:

• Continuous integration encourages good coding practices, code reviews, and automated testing, contributing to overall code quality.

6. Scalability:

• CI practices are scalable, making them suitable for projects of various sizes, from small teams to large enterprises.

Continuous Integration is a foundational practice in building reliable and maintainable software, especially when combined with other DevOps practices like Continuous Delivery (CD) and Continuous Deployment (also CD). It is a key enabler of agile development methodologies and helps teams deliver software with higher quality and at a faster pace.

 

 Q4. Explain the benefits and drawbacks of using “use strict”.

Ans: The "use strict" directive is used in JavaScript to enable a stricter set of parsing and error handling rules. When this directive is present at the top of a script or within a function, it triggers a mode that helps developers write more reliable and maintainable code by catching common programming mistakes and preventing the use of certain error-prone features. Here are the benefits and drawbacks of using "use strict":

Benefits:

1. Error Prevention:

• "use strict" catches common coding mistakes and prevents the use of potentially problematic features, helping developers write more reliable code.

2. Undeclared Variables:

• In strict mode, assigning a value to an undeclared variable results in a ReferenceError. Without strict mode, the variable is automatically declared as a global variable.

3. Assignment to Read-Only Properties:

• In strict mode, attempting to assign a value to a read-only property (e.g., a property of an object created with Object.defineProperty) results in a TypeError.

4. Global Object:

• In strict mode, the value of this is undefined in functions that are not methods or constructors. This helps prevent unintentional use of the global object.

5. Duplicate Parameter Names:

• Strict mode disallows duplicate parameter names in function declarations, catching potential mistakes.

6. With Statement:

• The with statement is not allowed in strict mode, as it can lead to unpredictable behavior and is considered error-prone.

7. Octal Literal Syntax:

• Octal literals (e.g., 0123) are not allowed in strict mode. They are treated as syntax errors.

8. Deleting Variables, Functions, or Function Parameters:

• In strict mode, attempts to delete variables, functions, or function parameters result in a SyntaxError.

Drawbacks:

1. Backward Compatibility:

• Strict mode introduces changes that are not backward-compatible with older JavaScript code. Enabling strict mode in an existing codebase may cause previously valid code to throw errors.

2. Potential Breaking Changes:

• Existing code that relies on certain behaviors that are disallowed in strict mode may need modification. For example, code that relies on the global object being assigned to this in functions might behave differently.

3. Learning Curve:

• Developers new to strict mode might initially find it challenging to understand why certain code constructs that were previously allowed now trigger errors.

4. Limited Impact on Performance:

• While strict mode may help catch errors early, its impact on the runtime performance of a script is minimal. It is primarily a development aid rather than a runtime optimization.

Best Practices:

1. Use Strict Locally:

• Consider using "use strict" at the function level or within specific modules rather than applying it globally. This allows you to gradually adopt strict mode in existing projects.

2. New Projects:

• For new projects, starting with strict mode from the beginning can help avoid compatibility issues and enforce a more robust coding standard.

3. Testing and Migration:

• Test thoroughly when introducing strict mode to an existing project. Gradual migration and testing can help identify and address issues incrementally.

In summary, while strict mode in JavaScript offers valuable benefits in terms of error prevention and code quality, it should be used judiciously, considering the impact on existing code and the learning curve for developers. For new projects or areas of code where consistency and reliability are crucial, strict mode is generally recommended.

 

Q5. What are some of the uses of Docker?

Ans: Docker is a platform designed to make it easier to develop, deploy, and run applications using containers. Containers allow developers to package an application and its dependencies together in a single unit, providing consistency across various environments. Here are some common uses of Docker:

Application Packaging:

• Docker allows developers to package their applications and all dependencies into a standardized container. This container can be easily shared and deployed across different environments, ensuring consistent behavior.

Microservices Architecture:

• Docker is widely used in microservices architectures. Each microservice can be packaged as a container, enabling independent development, deployment, and scaling of individual services.

Environment Consistency:

• Docker containers encapsulate the application and its dependencies, ensuring consistent behavior across different development, testing, and production environments. This helps eliminate the "it works on my machine" problem.

Dependency Management:

• Docker containers include all the dependencies required for an application, reducing issues related to version mismatches and conflicts. This simplifies dependency management and makes it easier to reproduce the exact runtime environment.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD):

• Docker is often used in CI/CD pipelines to create a consistent build and deployment environment. Containers can be easily moved between development, testing, and production stages, streamlining the CI/CD process.

Isolation and Security:

• Containers provide process isolation, allowing applications to run in isolated environments. This enhances security by preventing interference between different applications running on the same host.

Resource Efficiency:

• Docker containers share the host OS kernel, making them lightweight and resource-efficient compared to traditional virtual machines. Multiple containers can run on a single host without significant overhead.

Scalability:

• Docker containers are easy to scale horizontally. Applications can be distributed across multiple containers, and container orchestration tools (e.g., Kubernetes, Docker Swarm) help manage and scale containerized applications.

Development Workflow:

• Docker simplifies the development workflow by allowing developers to work with the same containerized environment locally as in production. This accelerates development and minimizes the "it works on my machine" scenario.

Legacy Application Modernization:

• Docker facilitates the modernization of legacy applications by containerizing them. This allows legacy applications to benefit from container orchestration, scalability, and easier management.

Multi-Cloud Deployments:

• Docker containers are cloud-agnostic, meaning they can run on any cloud platform that supports Docker. This flexibility makes it easier to deploy applications across different cloud providers or on-premises environments.

Resource Isolation and Control:

• Docker provides control over container resources, allowing developers to allocate specific amounts of CPU, memory, and other resources to individual containers. This ensures fair resource distribution in a multi-container environment.

Docker has become a fundamental technology in modern software development and deployment, offering a versatile and efficient way to package, distribute, and run applications. It plays a crucial role in enabling DevOps practices and supporting modern application architectures.

 

Q6. Explain event loop in Node.js.

Ans: The event loop is a fundamental concept in the design and execution model of Node.js. It plays a crucial role in handling asynchronous operations efficiently, making Node.js well-suited for building scalable and high-performance applications. Here's an explanation of the event loop in Node.js:

Event Loop Basics:

1. Single-Threaded and Non-Blocking:

• Node.js is single-threaded, meaning it operates in a single process with a single thread of execution. However, it uses a non-blocking, event-driven architecture to handle concurrency.

2. Event-Driven Architecture:

• Node.js employs an event-driven architecture where events trigger the execution of associated callbacks. Events can be I/O operations (e.g., reading from a file or making a network request), timers, or custom events.

3. Event Loop:

• The event loop is a central component of Node.js that continuously checks the message queue for pending events and executes their associated callbacks. It efficiently manages the flow of asynchronous operations.

Key Components of the Event Loop:

1. Message Queue:

• The message queue is where events and their associated callbacks are queued up for execution. The event loop continuously checks the message queue for pending tasks.

2. Call Stack:

• The call stack is a Last In, First Out (LIFO) structure that keeps track of the functions being executed. When a function is called, it is added to the call stack, and when it completes, it is removed.

3. Callback Queue (Task Queue):

• The callback queue (also known as the task queue) holds callbacks that are ready to be executed. When the call stack is empty, the event loop moves callbacks from the callback queue to the call stack for execution.

4. Event Emitters:

• Objects that emit events are known as event emitters. Examples include HTTP servers, file streams, and custom EventEmitter instances. These objects emit events, and listeners (callbacks) respond to those events.

Event Loop Execution Flow:

1. Initialization:

• When a Node.js script is executed, the event loop is initialized.

2. Execute Initial Synchronous Code:

• The initial synchronous code (top-level code) is executed, and function calls are added to the call stack.

3. Handle Asynchronous Operations:

• When encountering asynchronous operations (e.g., I/O operations, timers), Node.js delegates the handling of these operations to its internal APIs or external libraries.

4. Event Emission and Callback Registration:

• When asynchronous operations are completed, events are emitted. Callbacks associated with these events are registered in the callback queue.

5. Event Loop Iteration:

• The event loop continuously checks the message queue for pending tasks. If there are tasks, it dequeues them and adds the associated callbacks to the call stack for execution.

6. Callback Execution:

• The callbacks are executed, and if there are more asynchronous operations, the process repeats.

Example:

Consider the following code snippet with an asynchronous operation:

const fs = require('fs');

console.log('Start');

fs.readFile('example.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log(data);
});

console.log('End');

1. The script starts executing synchronously.

2. The readFile function initiates an asynchronous file read operation and returns immediately.

3. While waiting for the file read to complete, other synchronous code continues to execute.

4. When the file read is complete, its callback is placed in the callback queue.

5. The event loop picks up the callback from the callback queue and executes it.

Benefits of the Event Loop in Node.js:

1. Efficient Handling of Concurrent Operations:

• The event loop efficiently manages asynchronous operations, allowing Node.js to handle a large number of concurrent connections without the need for multiple threads.

2. Non-Blocking I/O:

• Node.js performs non-blocking I/O operations, ensuring that the application remains responsive and can handle many simultaneous connections.

3. Scalability:

• Node.js applications can easily scale to handle a large number of concurrent users due to its non-blocking and event-driven nature.

Understanding the event loop is essential for writing efficient and scalable Node.js applications. It enables developers to leverage the asynchronous capabilities of the platform and design applications that can handle high levels of concurrency without resorting to traditional multi-threading.

 

Q7. Is there a way to decrease the load time of a web application?

Ans: Yes, there are several strategies and best practices you can employ to decrease the load time of a web application, providing users with a faster and more responsive experience. Here are some key approaches:

• Optimize Images:
  • Compress and optimize images to reduce their file size without significant loss of quality. Consider using modern image formats (e.g., WebP) and lazy loading techniques to load images only when they are needed.
• Minify and Bundle CSS and JavaScript:
  • Minify CSS and JavaScript files to remove unnecessary whitespace and reduce file sizes. Additionally, consider bundling multiple files into a single file to reduce the number of requests made by the browser.
• Use Browser Caching:
  • Leverage browser caching by setting appropriate cache headers for static assets. This allows the browser to store copies of assets locally, reducing the need to download them on subsequent visits.
• Optimize Critical Rendering Path:
  • Optimize the critical rendering path to ensure that the most important content is delivered and rendered quickly. Minimize the number of render-blocking resources and prioritize the loading of essential content.
• Implement Asynchronous Loading:
  • Load non-essential resources asynchronously. This includes using the async and defer attributes for script tags and leveraging techniques like asynchronous CSS loading.
• Enable Compression:
  • Enable gzip or Brotli compression on the server to reduce the size of transferred data. Compressed files are quicker to download and result in faster page loads.
• Minimize HTTP Requests:
  • Minimize the number of HTTP requests by reducing the number of resources needed to load a page. This can be achieved by optimizing and combining assets, using CSS sprites, and reducing the number of third-party scripts.
• Optimize Server Response Time:
  • Optimize server response time by improving server-side performance, optimizing database queries, and leveraging caching mechanisms. Use content delivery networks (CDNs) to distribute content closer to users.
• Prioritize Above-the-Fold Content:
  • Prioritize the loading of above-the-fold content to ensure that users see the most important part of the page quickly. Load critical CSS and JavaScript inline or asynchronously to speed up initial rendering.
• Leverage Browser Prefetching:
  • Use browser prefetching to proactively fetch resources that are likely to be needed in the near future. This can be achieved using the rel="prefetch" attribute for links or HTTP headers.
• Monitor and Optimize Third-Party Scripts:
  • Keep track of the performance impact of third-party scripts. Consider loading them asynchronously, deferring their execution, or utilizing browser features like loading="lazy" for certain resources.
• Optimize Mobile Performance:
  • Implement responsive design principles and optimize assets for mobile devices. Use media queries to load different sets of CSS styles based on the device's characteristics.
• Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN):
  • Utilize a CDN to distribute static assets to servers located closer to users. CDNs help reduce latency and improve the delivery speed of assets.
• Implement Server-Side Rendering (SSR) or Static Site Generation (SSG):
  • For content-heavy applications, consider using server-side rendering (SSR) or static site generation (SSG) to pre-render pages on the server side, reducing the amount of processing required by the client.

Regularly test and analyze your web application's performance using tools like Google PageSpeed Insights, Lighthouse, or other performance monitoring tools. Continuous monitoring and optimization are essential for maintaining fast load times as your application evolves.

 

Q8. What is Promise and explain its states?

Ans:  In JavaScript, a Promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation, and its resulting value. Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations more elegantly than using traditional callback functions. They provide a cleaner and more structured way to work with asynchronous code.

A Promise can be in one of three states:

1. Pending:

• The initial state when a Promise is created. It represents that the asynchronous operation is ongoing, and the final result (fulfillment or rejection) is not yet available.

2. Fulfilled (Resolved):

• The state when the asynchronous operation has completed successfully. The Promise transitions to the fulfilled state, and the associated value (the result of the operation) becomes available.

3. Rejected:

• The state when the asynchronous operation encounters an error or is unsuccessful. The Promise transitions to the rejected state, and the associated reason (error message or object) becomes available.

Basic Syntax of a Promise:

const myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // Asynchronous operation, e.g., fetching data from an API
  const operationSuccessful = true;

  if (operationSuccessful) {
    // Resolve the promise with a value
    resolve("Operation completed successfully");
  } else {
    // Reject the promise with a reason (error)
    reject(new Error("Operation failed"));
  }
});

// Handling the Promise
myPromise
  .then((result) => {
    // The promise was fulfilled
    console.log(result);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // The promise was rejected
    console.error(error);
  });

Chaining Promises:

Promises support chaining through the .then() method. Each .then() block returns a new Promise, allowing you to chain multiple asynchronous operations together.

const myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // Asynchronous operation
  resolve("Operation completed successfully");
});

myPromise
  .then((result) => {
    // First .then() block
    console.log(result);
    // Return a new Promise for chaining
    return "Additional data";
  })
  .then((additionalData) => {
    // Second .then() block
    console.log(additionalData);
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    // Handle errors in any of the previous steps
    console.error(error);
  });

Chaining allows you to create a sequence of asynchronous operations that depend on the results of previous steps.

• Promise.all() and Promise.race():

1. Promise.all(iterable):

• Takes an iterable (e.g., an array) of promises and returns a new promise that is fulfilled with an array of fulfilled results when all the input promises are fulfilled. If any promise in the iterable is rejected, the resulting promise is immediately rejected.

const promise1 = Promise.resolve("One");
const promise2 = Promise.resolve("Two");
const promise3 = Promise.resolve("Three");

Promise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3])
  .then((results) => {
    console.log(results); // ["One", "Two", "Three"]
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
  });

2. Promise.race(iterable):

• Similar to Promise.all(), but it fulfills or rejects as soon as one of the promises in the iterable is fulfilled or rejected.

const promise1 = new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000, "One"));
const promise2 = new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500, "Two"));

Promise.race([promise1, promise2])
  .then((result) => {
    console.log(result); // "Two" (since it resolves first)
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
  });

Understanding and using promises is crucial for handling asynchronous operations in a more readable and maintainable manner in JavaScript. Promises simplify error handling and make it easier to reason about the flow of asynchronous code.

 

Q9. State the difference between GET and POST.

Ans: GET and POST are two HTTP methods used for different purposes in web development. They are part of the HTTP protocol and serve distinct roles in communication between clients (such as browsers) and servers. Here are the key differences between GET and POST:

 

Q10. Explain the Restful API and write its usage.

Ans: RESTful API (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications. It is an approach to building web services that are scalable, stateless, and adhere to a set of constraints and conventions. REST is often used in conjunction with HTTP, and RESTful APIs are commonly used to facilitate communication between clients (such as web browsers or mobile apps) and servers.

Key Principles and Constraints of REST:

1. Stateless:

• Each request from a client to a server must contain all the information needed to understand and process the request. The server should not store any information about the client's state between requests.

2. Resource-Based:

• Resources (e.g., data entities or services) are identified by URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers), and interactions with these resources are performed using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

3. Representations:

• Resources can have multiple representations (e.g., JSON, XML, HTML). Clients can negotiate the representation format with the server using the Accept header in the HTTP request.

4. Uniform Interface:

• The API should have a consistent and uniform interface. This includes the use of standard HTTP methods, resource-based URLs, and standard conventions for naming and interacting with resources.

5. Stateless Communication:

• Communication between the client and server should be stateless, meaning each request from a client contains all the information needed for the server to fulfill the request.

Common Usage of RESTful APIs:

1. HTTP Methods:

• RESTful APIs use standard HTTP methods to perform operations on resources:
  • GET: Retrieve a representation of a resource.
  • POST: Create a new resource.
  • PUT: Update an existing resource or create a new resource if it doesn't exist.
  • DELETE: Remove a resource.
  • PATCH: Partially update a resource.

2. Resource URIs:

• Resources are identified by URIs. For example:
  • GET /users: Retrieve a list of users.
  • GET /users/123: Retrieve details of a specific user with ID 123.
  • POST /users: Create a new user.
  • PUT /users/123: Update user with ID 123.
  • DELETE /users/123: Delete user with ID 123.

3. Representations:

• Data is exchanged between the client and server in a standardized format, often JSON. Clients can specify the desired representation format using the Accept header, and servers respond with the appropriate representation.

4. Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State (HATEOAS):

• RESTful APIs can include hypermedia links in responses, allowing clients to navigate the application's state. Clients discover available actions dynamically rather than relying on prior knowledge.

5. Status Codes:

• HTTP status codes are used to indicate the success or failure of a request. For example, 200 OK for a successful request, 201 Created for successful resource creation, 404 Not Found for a resource that doesn't exist, etc.

Example of RESTful API Usage:

Let's consider a simple example of a RESTful API for managing a collection of books:

• Resource: Book
  • URI for Retrieving All Books:
    • GET /books
  • URI for Retrieving a Specific Book:
    • GET /books/123
  • URI for Creating a New Book:
    • POST /books
  • URI for Updating an Existing Book:
    • PUT /books/123
  • URI for Deleting a Book:
    • DELETE /books/123

Clients interact with these URIs using the corresponding HTTP methods to perform operations on the book resources.

In summary, RESTful APIs provide a standardized and scalable way to build web services. They use standard HTTP methods, resource-based URIs, and representations to facilitate communication between clients and servers. RESTful principles contribute to the creation of loosely coupled and easily maintainable systems.