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SQL Server Architecture

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MS SQL Server is a client-server architecture. Its Process starts with sending a request by the client application to the SQL server, It accepts the request, processes it, and replies to it.

There are three major key components in SQL Server Architecture:

Protocol Layer supports client-server architecture.
Shared memory is a protocol that makes communication among clients and servers using the same memory.
If the client and the SQL server are remote to each other, they can still communicate via TCP/IP.
The Named Pipes protocol to communicate with the SQL server with the help of LAN connections.
TDS is the protocol used to transfer data from the client to the server by all three programs.

The relational Engine supervises the processing of data by the storage Engine.
It provides SQL Server components that support exactly how queries should be performed.
Relational Engine consists of three main sections: relational Engine, SQL server component that controls queries execution, and component that controls how it is executed.

Storage Engine is to store data in a storage system like Disk or SAN and retrieve data when needed.
There are three types of files in the storage engine: primary, secondary, and log files
The primary File that stores all important data related to tables, triggers, views, etc and the Extension is .mdf.
The Secondary File is optional and contains user-specific data and the extension is .ndf.
The Log file is also known as Write ahead logs and the extension is .ldf.

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