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Classes

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Python classes provide the functionality to bundle data and functionality together.
In python creating a new class creates a new object. Following the concept that everything in python is an object.
Python classes could also have methods to update their states and functionalities. In general, python functions are used as methods.
To define a class in python you just have to write the class keyword followed by the class name (class Calculator:).

class ClassName:
    a = 10
    return a

In the simplest form you can define a class like written above.
Simillar to function defination, a class defination should also be executed before they have any effect.

Defining a Class with Methods

Here we are defining a class calculator which will have multiple functions(methods).

class Calculator:             #class defination
    def sum(a, b):            #method1 to calculate sum of two numbers
        return a + b
    
    def subs(a, b):           #method2 to calculate subs traction of two numbers
        return a - b

    def multi(a, b):
        return a*b

    def divi(a, b):
        return a/b

a = 10
b = 50
out = Calculator.sum(a, b)     #object1
print(out)

out1 = Calculator.subs(a, b)   #object2
print(out1)

out2 = Calculator.multi(a, b)  #object3
print(out2)

out3 = Calculator.divi(a, b)   #object4
print(out3)

Here in the above example we have created class with name Calculator.
In the class Calculator we have defined multiple methods to perform various functionalities.
In the last few lines of the code. Each class methods are called for eg, Calculator.sum(a, b).
Here each methods are called using there respective objects.

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