Basic Operations in C++
Basic Operations in C++
In C++, there are several basic operations that you can perform:
Arithmetic Operations: C++ supports introductory arithmetic operations, including addition (+), deduction (-), multiplication(*), division (/), and modulus (%).
Example:
int x = 15;
int y = 5;
int sum = x + y;
int difference = x - y;
int product = x * y;
int quotient = x / y;
int remainder = x % b;
Assignment: You can assign values to variables using the assignment operator (=).
Example
int x = 15;
int y = x;
Increment and Decrement: C++ provides proliferation () and decrement (--) drivers to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1. They can be used in both prefix forms.
Example
int a = 5;
a++; // Postfix increment: equivalent to a =
a+1
++a; //Prefix increment: equivalent to a = a
+1
int b = 10;
b--; //Postfix decrement: equivalent to b = b - 1
--b; //Prefix decrement: equivalent to b = b - 1
Comparison Operations: C++ provides several operators to compare values, including equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than(>), lower than(<), greater than or equal to (=). Based on the comparison result, these operators return a Boolean value (true or false).
Example
int a = 15;
int b = 5;
bool isEqual = (a == b);
bool isGreater = (a > b);
Logical Operations: C++ supports logical operations similar to logical AND(&&), logical OR (||), and logical NOT(!). These operators are used to combine multiple conditions or invert the result of a condition.
- Logical OR(‘||’): Return ‘true’ if at least one of the operands is ‘true’ ,otherwise returns ‘false’.
- Logical NOT(‘!’): Return the opposite of the operand’s value; ‘true’ becomes ‘false’ and vice versa.
- Logical AND(‘&&’): Return ‘true’ if both operands are ‘true’, otherwise returns ‘false’.
- Short-Circuit Evaluation: In C++,logical AND(‘&&’) and logical OR(‘||’) operators perform short-circuit evaluation. If the result can be determined by evaluating only one operand, the other operand is not evaluated.
Sample Code
bool condition1 = true;
bool condition2 = false;
bool result1 = (condition1 && condition2); //logical AND
bool result2 = (condition1 || condition2); //Logical OR
bool result3 =!condition1; //Logical NOT
Bitwise Operations: Bitwise operations are used to manipulate individual bits of data at the binary level. Then are the main bitwise operations in C++, along with code illustrations.
- Bitwise AND(‘&’): Performs a bitwise AND operation between each pair of corresponding bits of two integers.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int result = a & b;
cout << “Result of Bitwise AND: ” << result << endl;
return 0;
}
- Bitwise OR(‘I’): Performs a bitwise OR operation between each pair of corresponding bits of two integers.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int result = a | b;
cout << “Result of Bitwise OR: ” << result << endl;
return 0;
}
- Bitwise XOR(‘^’): Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation between each pair of corresponding bits of two integers.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int result = a ^ b;
cout << “Result of Bitwise XOR: ” << result <<endl;
return 0;
}
- Bitwise NOT (‘~’): Flips each bit of the integer, changing 0s to 1s and vice versa.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5;
int result = ~a;
cout << “Result of Bitwise NOT: ”<< result << endl;
return 0;
}
- Left Shift(‘<<’)and Right Shift(‘>>’): Shifts the bits of an integer left or right by a specified number of positions.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int num = 10;
int leftShifted = num << 2;
int rightShifted = num >> 1;
cout << “Left Shifted Results: ” << leftShifted << endl;
cout << “Right Shifted Results: ” << rightShifted << endl;
return 0;
}
These examples demonstrate the basic bitwise operations in C++. Bitwise operations are often used in low-level programming and optimization tasks.
These are just some of the introductory operations in C++. C++ also provides numerous other operators and features for performing advanced operations and calculations.
